Pangolin (Manis Javanica)

wikipedia

Pangolin also called Scaly ant-eaters which in Indonesia known as trenggiling. A group of mammal belonging to family Manidae. Pangolin word itself comes from the Malay language, pengguling means something rolling. This nocturnal animal is an ant or termite eater. They come out at night to search for prey, but there are also other types that remain active during the day.

The body, and long, thick tail are covered by horny scales. Legs are very short and very strong, and the toes are armed with powerful claws enable the animal to burrow rapidly Its size ranges between 30-100 centimeters depending on the type. Pangolin females usually smaller body size than males.

These animals can roll themselves into a ball and are then protected by their scales. Roll is an attitude of self-protection when threatened, because in these conditions pangolin showed strength.

Unfortunately, this great beast, once easily found in tropical regions of Asia and Africa, now - especially those living in Indonesia - became scarce. Cause, in addition to their habitat damage due to changes in the function of forests into agricultural areas, pangolin are also hunted to be sold as pets. And that more concern is that people trade them as tempted by the offer of high prices. The animal meat is in great demand and highly sought scales.

Pangolin has been designated as a protected species by the government of Indonesia under the 1999 decree. And smuggling acts punishable by severe penalties with fines. International conservation bodies even prohibit trade of this species, including its products. Nevertheless, smuggling efforts are still common. In the past three years pangolin smuggling increased. Several times the police and customs in various of Indonesia ports failed smuggling pangolin abroad.

Usually these animal smuggled through South East Asia to several Asian countries, especially China and Vietnam. In these areas pangolin meat is preferred.because the deliciousness. While its scales used as ingredients in medicines. They believe both meat and scales are nutritious for health.

If this manis javanica smuggling continues is estimated in 10 - 20 years no longer trenggiling  can be found!

Amorphophallus titanum Becc

kebun raya bogor

Like the Rafflesia Arnoldi flower in previous articles, carrion flowers or Amorphophallus titanum Becc is a plant endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia. Precisely the location is in the province of Bengkulu.

Although the shape is different between the Rafflesia Arnoldi and Amorphophallus titanum Becc but both have a giant size. Rafflesia Arnoldi, is a big flower while Amorphophallus titanum is the largest flower (compound) on the earth. Both of these plants also have a very foul smell like carrion when it blooms.

Because both the largest and have been looking characteristic unpleasant odor that many people mistakenly think that Amorphophallus titanum is the Rafflesia Arnoldi.

Amorphophallus titanum Becc is a plant of the taro type (Araceae). This plant can produce flowers as high as 5 feet. In Indonesia people call as Bunga Bangkai (bunga = flower, bangkai = corpes). The name is derived from the foul smell like decay flesh. Actually the stench is useful to invite beetles and flies as the pollinators.

Growth corpse flower is dependent upon the availability of food in the tuber. If it has enough inventory and supportive environment, then the compound flowers will appear. Conversely, when less then leaves less appear.

And if it succeeds appears perfect, the flowers will appear very big and tall. In addition to the large size of the flowers, flower sheath that surrounds also very large.

Because of its uniqueness, Amorphophallus titanum is in great demand by breeding experts and botanical gardens are spread across the world.

The success of the highest growth rate was achieved in captivity abroad, its record in 2003 held by the Botanical and Animal Garden Bonn in Germany is 2.74 meters. Then in 2005 Wilhelmina Botanic Gardens Stuttgart also in Germany  successfully with 2.91 meters.

In Indonesia, the Botanical Gardens Cibodas West Java, on March 11, 2004 broke through the record of 3.11 meters. Flowers bloom for one week.

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Rafflesia Arnoldi

Rafflesia Arnoldi (Rafflesia Arnoldii) is a kind of parasitic plant that grows on vines network Tetrastigma. The plant produce no roots, leaves and stem. The only part of Rafflesia that able to identify as distinctly plant-like are the flowers. It does not have leaves, stems and roots therefore the plant can not do photosynthesis process itself. The flowers obtain water or nutrients from its host cells. Although it lacks of roots, leaves and stems, yet it still consider as a vascular plant.

Rafflesia Arnoldi is member of the genus Rafflesia. The flower have five strands with reddish-brown color. When in bloom, its diameter of around one meter and weighs around 11 kilograms. With size like that makes Rafflesia Arnoldi noted as the largest flower on the earth. This plant is very difficult to grow unless in the host plant. It Usually grow in the primary (undisturbed) forests. The plant is endemic to Sumatra that can only be found in Bengkulu region. Even if found elsewhere the possibility are other types of Rafflesia.

This giant flower was discovered in 1818 in the rain forest in South Bengkulu region by a local guide who worked for Dr. Joseph Arnold, who at that time was following the expedition with British Governor General in Indonesia Thomas Stanford Raffles. Then the naming flowers put Raffles name as head of the expedition, and Arnold as the inventor. Since the discovery of Rafflesia Arnoldi, Bengkulu is known as the land of Rafflesia.

Unfortunately this amazing flower age is not long only about 5-7 days. Then wither and die.The rare flower’s buds take almost one year to develop but last only just few days.  

When the flowers bloom it has strong odor of decaying flesh. Apparently odors is useful to attract insect like flies and beetles. Flies and/or beetles are the flowers pollinator. Hope the insect visit more often to help fertilize the Rafflesia Arnoldi flowers, so more often seen its blooming.

In the year 1991, by the Decree of  President Republic of Indonesia, set 3 “rare’ flowers (Indonesia: Puspa Langka) Rafflesia Arnoldi and two others are White Jasmine and Moon Orchid.
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